在欧盟，Welcome Pickups 等平台被归类为运输服务还是信息服务提供商？
The legal classification of platforms like Welcome Pickups hinges on their operational model and the degree of control they exert over transportation services. In its 2017 judgment, the European Court of Justice (ECJ) concluded that Uber's service, which connects individuals with non-professional drivers via a smartphone application, is inherently linked to transport services. Consequently, the ECJ classified Uber as a transportation service provider rather than an intermediary or information society service. This was due to Uber’s significant control over essential aspects of the service, including setting prices, determining service terms, and managing the platform’s overall operation. Consequently, Uber was required to obtain the necessary transportation licenses and comply with national regulations within EU member states.
Welcome Pickups 将自己定位为连接旅客与当地专业司机的中介平台。Welcome Pickups 为其服务设定了标准价格，运输由持有执照的专业人员执行。这种运营模式与作为运输服务提供商的 UBER 非常相似，后者主要提供中介运输服务，并对实际运输操作进行广泛控制。WelcomePickups 制定价格，控制舒适、商务或面包车等虚拟类别，并修改司机的报价，司机并不知道 Welcome Pickups 制定的价格，只有在车上与客户见面时才能知道。WelcopePickups 不会向客户显示多种报价，因为这已被澄清为信息社会服务的必要条件，Airbnb 的详细情况见 Szpunar 总检察长的法律意见书。 https://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document.jsf;jsessionid=307DD51833D0D546273DC90511A7FEF3?text=&docid=213504&pageIndex=0&doclang=en&mode=lst&dir=&occ=first&part=1&cid=591734 并根据法院（大法庭）截至 2019 年 12 月 31 日的判决裁定 https://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document.jsf;jsessionid=307DD51833D0D546273DC90511A7FEF3?text=&docid=221791&pageIndex=0&doclang=en&mode=lst&dir=&occ=first&part=1&cid=591734
被归类为运输服务提供商与信息社会服务之间的区别取决于各种因素，例如对服务的控制程度、定价机制以及与服务提供商之间关系的性质，Welcome Pickups 通过自己不透明的算法在确保付款后选择司机。像 Welcome Pickups 这样的平台必须仔细考虑这些细微差别，以确保遵守其运营的每个国家的适用法律和法规。
尽管 WelcomePickups 允许通过其协议授权供应，但它制定价格，具有决定性影响，在确保付款之前，司机不会直接与客户联系，Welcome Pickups 产品控制预订的所有方面，不允许提供多种服务，无法成为像 Airbnb 一样的真正预订平台。
In summary, Welcome Pickups does set prices for its services, does control its own invented products based on invented categories same as UBER, does not allow clients to see multiple offers from suppliers. Makes a selection of a driver after payment is secured by its own not transparent "black box" algorithm. Who selects exact driver with WelcomePickups? - It is Welcome Pickups who selects and assigns exact carrier or a driver for your ride.
这种做法使其与 Uber 等模式相一致，后者因其对服务提供过程的全面控制而被视为运输服务，但它与 Airbnb 的模式并不一致，后者在 2019 年被欧洲法院明确为信息社会服务。
